Digital Mental Health

We study telemedicine and other digital delivery methods to provide mental health treatment at scale. Working with digital health stakeholders and real-world samples of more than 10,000 patients, we have found that digital delivery preserves the safety and efficacy of both psychotherapy and pharmacological interventions while expanding access. Because every interaction in these settings is captured through the digital surface, they also let us study therapeutic processes with NLP and language models.

Selected Publications

Wolfe, E. C., Su, T., Tieleman, O., Hull, T. D., Malgaroli, M., Stamatis, C. A. (2026). Engagement phenotypes for a sample of 102,684 AI mental health chatbot users and dose-response associations with clinical outcomes. arXiv preprint.

Language ModelsHuman–AIComputationalDigital Health

Stamatis, C. A., Wolfe, E. C., Malgaroli, M., Hull, T. D. (2026). Talking to a human as an attitudinal barrier: A mixed methods evaluation of stigma, access, and the appeal of AI mental health support. arXiv preprint.

Human–AIDigital Health

Neu, C., Hull, T. D., Malgaroli, M. (2026). Gaming-based community intervention for loneliness in adult gamers: Longitudinal observational study. JMIR Formative Research.

Digital Health

Malgaroli, M., Hull, T. D., Schultebraucks, K. (2021). Digital health and artificial intelligence for PTSD: Improving treatment delivery through personalization. Psychiatric Annals.

Digital Health

Mermin, Z., Robinaugh, D. J., Hull, T. D., Szuhany, K. L., Simon, N., Malgaroli, M. (2026). Anxiety and depression subtypes and their psychotherapy response: A network analysis of 33,675 patients. Psychological Medicine.

ComputationalDigital Health

Hull, T. D., Zhang, L., Arean, P. A., Malgaroli, M. (2025). Generative AI purpose-built for social and mental health: A real-world pilot. arXiv preprint.

Language ModelsHuman–AIDigital Health

Arean, P. A. (2021). Here to stay: Digital mental health in a post-pandemic world looking at the past, present, and future of teletherapy and telepsychiatry. Technology, Mind, and Behavior (TMS Proceedings 2021).

Digital Health

Malgaroli, M., Schultebraucks, K., Myrick, K. J., Loch, A. A., Ospina-Pinillos, L., Choudhury, T., Kotov, R., De Choudhury, M., Torous, J. (2025). Large language models for the mental health community: Framework for translating code to care. The Lancet Digital Health.

Language ModelsDigital Health

Provias, V., Kucukoglu, M. A., Robinson, A., Yandun-Oyola, S., He, R., Palumbo, A., Ripolles, P. (2025). Remote intentional music listening intervention to support mental health in individuals with chronic stroke: Study protocol for a feasibility trial. BMJ Open.

Digital Health

Malgaroli, M., Hull, T. D., Calderon, A., Simon, N. M. (2024). Linguistic markers of anxiety and depression in somatic symptom and related disorders: Observational study of a digital intervention. Journal of Affective Disorders.

NLP & Language MarkersDigital Health

Mathai, D. S., Hull, T. D., Vando, L., Malgaroli, M. (2024). At-home, telehealth-supported ketamine treatment for depression: Findings from longitudinal, machine learning and symptom network analysis of real-world data. Journal of Affective Disorders.

ComputationalDigital Health

Hull, T. D., Malgaroli, M., Gazzaley, A., Akiki, T. J., Madan, A., Vando, L., Arden, K., Swain, J., Klotz, M., Paleos, C. (2023). At-home, sublingual ketamine telehealth is a safe and effective treatment for moderate to severe anxiety and depression: Findings from a large, prospective, open-label effectiveness trial. Journal of Affective Disorders.

Digital Health

Hull, T. D., Malgaroli, M., Gazzaley, A., Akiki, T. J., Madan, A., Vando, L., Arden, K., Swain, J., Klotz, M., Paleos, C. (2022). At-home, sublingual ketamine telehealth is a safe and effective treatment for moderate to severe anxiety and depression: Findings from a large, prospective, open-label effectiveness trial. Journal of Affective Disorders.

Digital Health

Noll, J. G., Haag, A.-C., Shenk, C. E., Wright, M. F., Barnes, J. E., Kohram, M., Malgaroli, M., Foley, D. J., Kouril, M., Bonanno, G. A. (2022). An observational study of Internet behaviours for adolescent females following sexual abuse. Nature Human Behaviour.

Digital Health

Bantilan, N., Malgaroli, M., Ray, B., Hull, T. D. (2021). Just in time crisis response: Suicide alert system for telemedicine psychotherapy settings. Psychotherapy Research.

Digital Health

Hull, T.D., Malgaroli, M., Connolly, P.S. et al. Two-way messaging therapy for depression and anxiety: longitudinal response trajectories. BMC Psychiatry 20, 297 (2020). .

Digital Health

Malgaroli, M., Hull, T. D., Wiltsey Stirman, S., Resick, P. (2020). Message delivery for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Longitudinal observational study of symptom trajectories. Journal of Medical Internet Research.

ComputationalDigital Health

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